Showing posts with label Unit: Japanese Myth. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Unit: Japanese Myth. Show all posts

Myth-Folklore Unit: Japanese Mythology

Overview. This unit includes stories from  The Romance of Old Japan about the gods Izanagi and Izanami and their children: the sun goddess Amaterasu and her brother Susanowo. You will see what happened when Amaterasu withdrew her light from the world, and you will also read about the death of Izanami and how Izanagi ventured into the land of the dead, hoping to rescue her. The unit includes tales of the progeny of the gods also, such as Ninigi, who brought the sacred Jewels, Sword, and Mirror of heaven down to the earth, and his sons, the rivalrous brothers Prince Fire-Fade and Prince Fire-Flame who quarreled over a magical fishhook. There are hero legends, too, such as the story of Yamato, his devoted wife Tacibana, and the sea goddess Benten who brought such grief into their lives. You will also meet the great Empress Jingu who, transformed by the goddess Amaterasu into an indomitable warrior, captured the Jewel of Heart's Desire and brought it back to Japan in triumph.

Language. Most of these stories are retellings in modern English prose, although there are also a few stories here which are told in verse, and there are some translation of Japanese poetry included in the prose stories.

Story Length. Most of these are two-page stories, with a first set of stories being about the primordial gods and goddess, and then a second set of stories about the hero Yamato. There are also several famous legends at the end of the unit.

Navigation. You will find the table of contents below, and you can also use this link to see the story posts displayed on two pages total: Japanese Mythology. Click "Older Posts" at the bottom of that page to see the second page.




READING A:
  1. Izanagi and Izanami
  2. Izanagi and Izanami (cont.)
  3. The Miraculous Mirror
  4. The Eight-Forked Serpent of Koshi
  5. The Heaven-Descended
  6. The Heaven-Descended (cont.)
  7. The Fortunate Fish-Hook
  8. The Fortunate Fish-Hook (cont.)
  9. The Labors of Yamato - The Rescue of the Princess
  10. The Rescue of the Princess (cont.)
READING B:
  1. The Labors of Yamato - The Grotto of Love
  2. The Labors of Yamato - The Golden Apple
  3. The Labors of Yamato - The Demon Boar
  4. The Labors of Yamato - The Grass-Cleaving Sword
  5. The Labors of Yamato - The Sacred Sword
  6. The Sacred Sword (cont.)
  7. The Labors of Yamato - The Dragon
  8. The Dragon (cont.)
  9. The Faery Robe
  10. The Jewel of Heart's Desire: The Land of Morning Calm
  11. The Quest of the Jewel
  12. Urashima

Japan: Izanagi and Izanami

These stories are told in a mixture of prose and verse translated from Japanese. The opening lines of poetry come from the Kojiki-Den, an ancient chronicle of the myths of Japan. You can find out more about the Kojiki at Wikipedia.

I would urge you to read the poetry out loud! You will get so much more out of it that way.

[Notes by LKG]

This story is part of the Japanese Mythology unit. Story source: Romance of Old Japan, Part I: Mythology and Legend by E. W. Champney and F. Champney (1917).




Izanagi and Izanami

Ere the beginning of Time, Izanagi, the God of the Heavens,
High in the uttermost realms of the limitless chaos above,
Far in the vaporous vast of the infinite twilight of even,
Took unto wife Izanami, the beautiful Goddess of Love,

Out of her plenteous womb sprang the numberless worlds in commotion;
Sprang generations of gods, in unending miraculous birth,
Sprang generations of men and the beasts and the fish of the ocean,
Issued the fathomless sea and the mountainous reaches of earth.

She from the firmament first, to mankind in her mercy descending,
Water and knowledge of Fire and the wonderful vision of Light
Brought, and ordained every part of the life-giving earth never ending,
Then, in her death throe, gave birth to the Isles of the Dragon-fly bright.

- KOJIKIDEN.

BEFORE the beginning of Time, ere yet were heavens or earth, sun or moon, or the multitudinous waters, all was gloomy chaos.

Out of this infinite void rose a cloud, floating upon the sea of silent space. In its hidden depths sprouted a bud, which shot like an iris-stalk into the air. As it rose it put forth leaves and blossomed, growing ever more pure and bright, till the wonder-flower mounted to Taka-ma-no-hara (the high plain of heaven), where it bloometh ever, the bright-shining Sun.

At the same time there fluttered downward from the heavenly firmament a night-blooming flower, which slowly unfolded its translucent petals and became the Moon.

Out of the hearts of these blossoms sprang a score of gods and goddesses, the last of whom were Izanagi (all-powerful-God-of-the-Air), and Izanami (Fair-Goddess-of-the-Clouds). From them issued all life: the eight hundred myriad deities of heaven, the countless generations of man, and the beasts and the birds and the trees.

Izanagi and Izanami stood upon the “Floating-Bridge of Heaven,” a vast, aerial arch, which spanned the abyss between the realms celestial and the lower world. Izanagi spake to his heaven-born sister, saying:“Needs must be that beneath us lies a kingdom. Let us descend and visit it.”

Whereupon he plunged his sacred jewelled spear into the seething caldron of the sea. When he had stirred it about, vainly groping for land, he withdrew the lance and from its point fell drops of liquid which became congealed into the island of Onogora.

Stirring once more, he heaped up a vast and lofty mountain, to the summit of which he attached the Floating Bridge, and thereupon the Earth-Makers descended.

When they alighted upon the island, Izanagi turned to the right and skirted the base of the “Pillar of Earth,” while Izanami turned to the left.

When they met, the “Goddess of the Clouds” addressed her brother saying: “Who art thou, fair and lovely youth?”

Thereupon the heart of the “God of the Air” was wroth within him and he retorted, “I, that am a man, should have been the first to speak, whereas thou, a woman, didst address me. This is ill-omened. That our wedding may be auspicious, let us begin anew.”

Thus it came to pass that, as again the two deities skirted the base of the “Pillar of Earth,” Izanagi exclaimed at their meeting: “Who art thou, fair and lovely maiden?” and Izanami replied enraptured: “How delightful! I have met with a fair and lovely youth!”

Whereupon they clasped hands, and their marriage was accomplished.

Now when they had dwelt long time on the isle of Onogoro in love and happiness, to Izanagi and Izanami were born the eight islands of Japan. First the great Yamato (the Flowery Isle of the Dragon-fly), then Tsukushi (the White Sun Youth), Iyo (the Passing-fair Princess), Tsushima (the Stepping Stone), Ahaji (the Isle of Grieving), Shikoku (the Pearl of the Inland Sea), Oki (the Islet of the White Hare), and Lado (Gold Maid of the North).

Out of the foam of the billows were born numberless islets and from the clouds of the heaven they created Korea, Cathay, and the uttermost realms of the earth. Then were born the Kami — the Ruler of the Rivers, the Monarch of the Mountains, the Deity of the Trees, and the Deities which preside over the miracles of Nature.

Now the “God of the Heavens,” looking upon his kingdom, found it exceeding fair and spake to the “Goddess of Love,” saying: “All that now wanteth is a sovereign to rule over this great realm.”

Whereupon were born to them a daughter, the Bright-Shining-Amaterasu, and a son, Susa-no-wo-no-mikoto.

Then Izanagi rejoiced greatly, saying: “Many are the generations I have begotten, but of all my multitudinous offspring the fairest are these.”





(800 words)















Japan: Izanagi and Izanami (cont.)

Amaterasu is a goddess of great importance in the Shinto religion of Japan. Her complete name, Amaterasu-omikami, mean s"the great august kami (god) who shines in the heaven." As you see int he reading, she is the sister of Susanowo, the god of the sea and of storms, and she is also the sister of Tsukuyomi, the god of the moon. You can learn more about Amaterasu at Wikipedia, which also has articles about Izanagi and Izanami.

[Notes by LKG]

This story is part of the Japanese Mythology unit. Story source: Romance of Old Japan, Part I: Mythology and Legend by E. W. Champney and F. Champney (1917).



Izanagi and Izanami (cont.)

Now Amaterasu was passing fair and outshone the very heavens. So Izanagi spake and said: “Child upon child have I fathered, but none of them is like unto thee.”

Then, taking from his shoulders a necklace of precious stones, he gave it to Amaterasu and, leading her to the summit of the mountain and over the Rainbow Bridge, he commanded: “Rule thou henceforth over Takama no hara” (the High Plain of Heaven).

When Amaterasu mounted to her glittering throne in the sun, the Spirits of Heaven rejoiced with exceeding joy, saying: “Forever shalt thou gladden the Eternal Land with the grace of thy celestial light. Clouds shall be thy handmaidens and the Heaven-descending showers thy messengers of mercy to the earth.”

Then Izanagi addressed Susa-no-wo, saying: “Rule thou over the Moon and the multitudinous salt water.”

Unlike his ever smiling sister, the Moon God was morose, turbulent, and sinister. When he waxed wroth, grass withered on the plains, flowers faded, and the Children of Earth perished.

Of her numberless progeny Izanami best loved her Earth Children, and most of all the lords of the Isles of the Dragon-fly. To these she gave eternal dominion over the fairest of lands and bestowed upon them godlike powers: Wisdom, Valour and Craft, Justice, Mercy and Love.

She commanded the Kami to minister to her Earth Children: the River God to water their rice fields, the Mountain God to delve for them his ruddy gold, the God of Trees to fell them timber for their habitations, and the Goddess of Abundance to heap their wains with overflowing fruit.

Whereat the immortal Gods were exceeding wroth and assembled in high council.

“Celestial Mother,” thundered Susa-no-wo, “thou hast elevated thy Earth Children to the rank of Gods, so that even I must needs toil as their slave and harness my storm steeds to their sea chariots!”

Thereupon the divine council were moved with august jealousy and murmured to one another: “She loveth her Earth Children more than us, wherefore let her descend and abide with them!”

To this Izanami made appeal: “Shall my very offspring condemn me though I have done no evil!”

Then spake Ame-no-kami, the August Master Deity, saying: “Izanami, Goddess of Mortals, for that thou hast dragged thine immortal vesture in the mire of Earth shalt thou put off thine immortality and dwell a mortal in the abode of Death!”

Like to a thirsting flower withered the gentle Goddess and withdrew to the solitudes of the mountains, where she bore a son, Kagu-tsuchi—the terrible God of Fire. In her birth throes, she was mortally burned, but ere she perished, Izanami bethought herself: “I have given birth to an evil-hearted child, a menace to the world of men.”

So she bare yet another son, the God of Water, saying: “When the temper of thy brother waxeth violent, do thou assuage it with thy cooling streams.” Whereupon Izanami died and descended unto Yomi, the abode of departed spirits.

Izanagi grieved sorely for the loss of his beloved spouse and resolved to seek her in the domain of the dead.

He descended thither through Ifuya-zaka (a hole in the centre of the earth) and came to the portal of Yomi, whence none may return. Here he perceived the spirit of Izanami waiting to meet him and addressed her saying: “Beloved sister, come thou back I entreat thee, for the land that we created is not yet finished.”

Whereupon Izanami answered: “Alas! thou comest too late. Look not thou upon me, for I have eaten of the bread of Yomi. I would fain return but it may not be!” Thus lamenting she retired within the portal of the underworld.

But the God of the Heavens heeded not the warning of the Goddess of Love, but pressed forward in swift pursuit. Through innumerable tortuous caverns dark and loathly with the odour of death he passed, following the scarce-seen wraith of his fleeing wife. On every hand flitted vague shadowy shapes, and phantom fingers groped after him through the gloom.

He cried to Izanami, and besought her to return, but she gave no response save a pitiful moan. He redoubled his efforts to overtake her and strove with all his might to grasp her fleeting form. After long elusion, in the cavern of Despair at the extremity of the kingdom of Yomi he came upon Izanami writhing in her death agony.

Tenderly he strove to raise her, but her spirit melted to mist in his grasp and vanished forever in the shadowy night.

Izanagi, pursued by the Furies of Remorse, ascended the Earth-stairway and dwelt thenceforth upon the isle of Ahaji, in an abode of eternal gloom.


(800 words)










Japan: The Miraculous Mirror

You can read more about Amaterasu and her rivalry with her brother Susa-no-wo (Susanoo) at Wikipedia. The illustrations at the bottom of the page both show Amaterasu, rays of light radiating from her body, as she emerges from her cave in anger, thinking that there is a goddess that rivals her in beauty, and thus light returns into the world.

[Notes by LKG]

This story is part of the Japanese Mythology unit. Story source: Romance of Old Japan, Part I: Mythology and Legend by E. W. Champney and F. Champney (1917).




The Miraculous Mirror

Amaterasu, the bright, the Sun Goddess, high in the heaven,
Giver of bountiful light and the manifold glories of day,
Sat at the loom of the night, with her beauteous hand-maidens seven
Weaving the dark web of Doom with its symbols of joy and dismay.

Speeding her shuttle of Fate, interwove Izanagi’s fair daughter
Lotus-pure blossoms of Love with the flame of a rapturous star;
Twining the green woof of Life with the scarlet-stained ribbon of Slaughter,
Silver-bright Peace interweft with the red warp relentless of War.

Sudden from out of the void, by the wrath of the hurricane driven,
Into the Hall of the Gods, with the crash of a thunderbolt dire,
Down from the summit of Heaven, through a rent in the firmament riven,
Hurtled the Dragon of Hell, Susa-no-wo, demon of Fire!

Down from her throne in the sky fled Amaterasu affrighted,
Down to the bounds of the sea to a cavern of shadowy night,
Where she immured her secure from the rage of her brother benighted,
Leaving to Stygian gloom the Isles of the Dragon-fly bright.

Sorely the people bewailed the loss of their Jewel of Heaven,
Vainly the people besought the return of their Sun-Goddess bright,
All unavailing their prayers, until a god one auspicious even
Fashioned a mirror of gold that gleamed with miraculous light.

Then to the cavern they hied with Uzume, the Goddess of Laughter,
Who danced in the light of the moon on the marge of the frolicsome wave,
Rending the welkin with cries, till Amaterasu soon after,
Roused from her slumberous couch, peered forth from the door of her cave.

“Why this boisterous mirth, and what this unseemly commotion?”
Demanded the Goddess irate, and to her made Uzume reply:
“Queen of the Day, we rejoice in a princess more fair than the ocean,
Even more glorious-bright than the sun in the shimmering sky.

“Lo, now behold her,” she spake, and Amaterasu, returning,
Looked on the mirror of gold and, perceiving her image therein,
Deemed that she saw there a rival, and straightway, with jealousy burning,
Ran from the door of the cave, in astonishment, wrath, and chagrin.

Scarce had she quitted the cave when suddenly unto the portal,
Taji-Karaô (the Strong) rolled a boulder of mountainous height,
Cutting her off from retreat, our sun-giving Goddess immortal,
Ever to smile on the land with the grace of her bountiful light.








(500 words)




Japan: The Eight-Forked Serpent of Koshi

You can see the Japanese original for verses at the end of the story at the Wikipedia article about Kushinada-hime, and you can read more about the dragon at the Wikipedia article about Orochi.

[Notes by LKG]

This story is part of the Japanese Mythology unit. Story source: Romance of Old Japan, Part I: Mythology and Legend by E. W. Champney and F. Champney (1917).



The Eight-Forked Serpent of Koshi

One day Susa-no-wo discerned a chopstick drifting down the River Hi and, deeming that there must needs be folk dwelling in the country above, set forth questing what manner of men they might be.

When he had journeyed far into the forest fastnesses he came upon a grey-bearded man and an aged crone weeping, with a fair maiden set between them, whom they caressed as though bidding her a last farewell.

Susa-no-wo saluted them courteously, saying: “Who are ye, Gods or mortals? For ne’er before have I beheld Children of Earth in these lone mountains.”

Thereupon the greybeard answered: “Thy humble servant, Great Augustness, is a deity of earth cleped Ashinadzuchi (Foot-stroke Elder), son of the Mountain-God. My wife is Tenadzuchi (Hand-stroke Elder), and this damsel is our daughter, Kushinada-hime (Wondrous-fair Princess).”

“Why lament ye thus piteously?” asked Susa-no-wo, and the aged man answered: “Alas, most honourable Lord, we bewail the loss of our eight beloved daughters, who, year after year, have been slain and devoured by the terrible eight-forked serpent of Koshi. Time is that the loathly monster cometh and this our last remaining daughter will surely perish. Wherefore do we grieve exceedingly.”

“Tell me,” entreated Susa-no-wo, “what manner of fish is this monster?”

“It hath eyes as red as a ripe mountain cherry, a noisome blood-inflamed body, armed with eight fearsome heads and eight forked tails. Moreover its back is all overgrown with firs, cedars, and pines, and it trails its tortuous coils over eight valleys and as many mountains.”

Quoth Susa-no-wo: “Aged stranger, I will gladly slay the loathly dragon, if thou wilt but give to me this thy beauteous daughter in marriage.”

“With all reverence be it said,” replied the father.

“I am ignorant of thine august name.”

“Thou beholdest in me,” boasted Susa-no-wo, “none other than the brother of the glorious Sun Goddess Amaterasu, Heaven-descended ruler of Yamato.”

Whereupon the deities Ashinadzuchi and Tenadzuchi made no further ado, but assented joyously to his request.

Forthwith Susa-no-wo took the maiden from the arms of her honourable parents and transformed her into a many-toothed comb which he thrust into his dishevelled hair.

He then bade the aged crone brew a great quantity of sake of eightfold strength, and fashioned a rampart of pointed logs wherein he hung eight goodly doors. At each portal he set a vast vat which he filled with the sake of eightfold strength. Then, with the utmost deliberation, he awaited the coming of the dread monster.

After a little the great serpent came lumbering its enormous carcass over hill and ravine until it reached the rampart of pointed logs. Here it paused at the portals and lapped up the liquor with its eight forked tongues. Whereupon it became unseemly drunken, laughing hilariously, slashing and cavorting its several tails like one bewitched, until, overcome little by little by a great drowsiness, it lay down to sleep.


Thereupon Susa-no-wo of a sudden drew his ten-span sword and slashed the monster into a thousand fragments. A river of blood gushed from each separate head, and as he severed the last remaining tail the edge of his august sword was notched. Marvelling greatly, he slit the tail of the serpent and discovered therein a miraculous sword, the divine Kushanagi (Herb-queller), which he delivered to the God of Heaven.

Then Susa-no-wo retransformed his many-toothed comb into the beauteous Kushinada-hime, whom he wedded forthwith in the province of Izumo, composing for that occasion the following verses:

Like high ramparts manifold
Lo the clouds appear:
On all sides they firm enfold
Kushinada dear,
Prisoned mine for e’er to hold
In their ramparts manifold!




(700 words)








Japan: The Heaven-Descended

The English translator of the verses from the poet Hitomaro at the beginning of this story has chosen to use the meter of the Finnish Kalevala and Longfellow's Hiawatha in order to give the lines an epic quality; you can read more about that at Wikipedia.

[Notes by LKG]

This story is part of the Japanese Mythology unit. Story source: Romance of Old Japan, Part I: Mythology and Legend by E. W. Champney and F. Champney (1917).

The Heaven-Descended

When began the earth and heaven,
By the margin of the River
Of the firmament eternal,
Met the Gods in high assembly,
Met the Gods and held high counsel,
Myriads upon myriads gathered;
Then to each high charge was given.
On the Goddess of the Sunlight,
Her who fills the sky with radiance,
They bestowed the realm of Heaven.
To her grandchild they delivered
This, the mountain-land Yamato,
This, the land of fairest rice-ears,
His with god-like sway to govern,
Long as heaven and earth endured.
- Hitomaro

Now the eight hundred myriad gods gathered in council in the bed of the Tranquil River of Heaven. And Amaterasu, the Bright-Shining Sun Goddess spake, saying: “The Netherland of Rice Plains is rife with discord. By day the Earth Spirits swarm like flies in the fifth month, and by night they raise a clamour like the flames of fire. Wherefore must we send down a deity to quell these unseemly uprisings and restore the Sunny Land of Rice Plains to prosperity and peace.”

Thereupon Amewaka (Heaven-Young-Prince) descended the Rainbow Bridge to govern the land. As he set foot on the shores of the Isle of the Dragon-fly, he encountered a beauteous earth spirit, the Princess Shita-teru-hime (Princess Nether-Shining).

Bewitched by her loveliness, Amewaka wedded the maiden forthwith and remained for eight long years feasting and revelling in the Land of Sunny Rice Plains.

The Sun Goddess, marvelling greatly at the long tarrying of her heaven-sent messenger, sent the faithful pheasant, Na-naki, to inquire the cause of his silence. The pheasant flew down to earth and perched upon a many-branched cassia-tree which grew at the gate of the Prince’s palace.

Then Ama-no-sagu (the Heaven-Spying Woman) went to the young Prince and said: “An evil bird percheth on the top of yonder cassia-tree. I fear its cry bodeth no good.”

Forthwith Amewaka took his heavenly bow and arrows and shot the pheasant through the heart, so that it died. Upward and onward sped the feathered arrow through leagues of endless sky, till it pierced the highest clouds and fell at the very feet of Bright-Shining Amaterasu, seated upon her throne in the sun.

Then spake the Sun Goddess: “This is the very arrow I gave to Amewaka. Behold its feathers are stained with blood; perchance he hath been fighting with the Earthly Deities.”

Thereupon she took up the arrow and flung it forth to earth, saying: “If this arrow be one shot by Amewaka at the Earth Spirits, let it not attain to him, but if he hath an evil heart, may the heavenly arrow fly straight to that mark.”

Now at this time the Heavenly Prince was sleeping after the feast of first fruits, and the feathered arrow pierced Amewaka to the heart.

When she beheld the dead body of her youthful husband, Princess Nether-Shining wept long and bitterly. She would not be consoled and the sound of her cries rose to the High Plains of Heaven.

Whereupon Ame-no-kuno straightway knew that her son Amewaka was dead and raised a mighty tempest which upbore the body of the young Prince to the Celestial Realms. Here they built a great mourning-house and wept and wailed for eight long days and nights with ceaseless lamentation.

Sang the mourners:

More lustrous than the precious gems,
Worn by Heaven’s Weaving-Maidens bright,
More fair than their great diadems,
Was Amewaka, wondrous knight.
Alas, the glory of his face
No more shall shame the shining day.
Unblemished gem of loveliness,
Thy light is quenched now for aye!

At the same time to the obsequies of the pheasant Na-naki flew myriads of the swift-winged birds of heaven, in endless procession, the wild geese of the river, the storks, the kingfishers, and the eagles, who mourned their slain brother with a great wailing.

Thereafter the Sun Goddess summoned her grandchild Ninigi (Prince Rice Plenty), and thus exhorted him: “Tis the appointed time when thou shouldst descend to rule in the Sunny Land of Rice Plains. Go thou, and may fortune attend thee, that thy dynasty, like the immortal Heaven, may endure for ever!”

Whereupon she conferred upon him three divine gifts: the Necklace of Jewels, which her father Izanagi had bestowed upon her at her birth; the Sacred Sword, which Susa-no-wo discovered within the tail of the eight-forked serpent; and the Miraculous Mirror whose lustre had lured her from the magic cave, commanding him the whiles: “Guard jealously all these tokens, but the mirror with thy life, for when thou lookest therein thou shalt ever behold my countenance.”

When Ninigi was about to descend to the Land of Rice Plains, a herald, who had been despatched before to announce his coming, returned saying: “There dwelleth a Giant God at the Eight Cross Roads of Heaven whose stature exceedeth seven fathoms. A great light shineth from his mouth and his eyeballs glow like the sun at noonday.”

Now among all the eight hundred myriad deities of I leaven there was none who durst confront this prodigious giant. Wherefore Ninigi called to him Uzume, the Goddess of Mirth, and commanded: “Of all the heavenly goddesses thou art superior in the power of thy looks. Do thou go and make inquiry.”




(900 words)









Japan: The Heaven-Descended (cont.)

Ninigi, the grandson of Amaterasu, is also the great-grandfather of Emperor Jimmu, providing the link between the realm of heaven and the emperors of Japan. You can read more about Ninigi at Wikipedia.

[Notes by LKG]

This story is part of the Japanese Mythology unit. Story source: Romance of Old Japan, Part I: Mythology and Legend by E. W. Champney and F. Champney (1917).

The Heaven-Descended (cont.)

So Uzume attired her shapely body in seductive raiment, bared her beauteous breasts, and hied to the Eight Cross-Roads of Heaven. Fearlessly she accosted the formidable monster and with a mocking laugh demanded: “Who art thou that darest thus impede my progress? What meanest thou by this unseemly behaviour?”

The giant, mightily amused by the fearless mien of the playful Goddess, made answer: “My name is Saruta-hiko (Deity-of-the-Field-Paths). I respectfully beg to pay homage to the grandchild of Amaterasu and to attend upon him as his guide. Let his august highness descend upon the mountain of Takachihi. There I shall await him. Return to thy master, O wondrous-fair Uzume, and convey him this message.”

Thereupon the august grandchild quitted his Heavenly Rock-Seat, and, thrusting apart the eight-piled clouds of Heaven, clove his way with an awful way-cleaving and descended to earth!

From the Rainbow Bridge of Heaven, Ninigi stepped forth and alighted upon the peak of Takachihi in the isle Tsukushi, where, as had been agreed upon, the Deity-of-the-Field-Paths awaited him. When Ninigi had journeyed throughout his kingdom and had viewed the cloud-soaring mountains and endless primeval forests, the fertile valleys, and smiling sapphire lakes, he chose a fair hill overlooking the Inland Ocean, and builded him a vast and lofty palace “whose pillars rested on the nethermost rock, and whose beams rose to the High Plain of Heaven.”

So content was Ninigi with the faithful services of the Deity-of-the-Field-Paths that he bestowed upon him the beauteous Uzume in wedlock. Thereupon the terrible giant took the merry Goddess to his mountain fastnesses, where they dwell forever in joyance and mirth.

Thereafter Ninigi bethought himself of his own lonely and unromantic lot, when on a day as he walked upon the shore, he beheld a maiden of exceeding loveliness. Straightway he became greatly enamoured and accosting her forthwith demanded: “Who art thou, most beauteous Princess?”

To him modestly the maiden answered: “My name is Ko-no-hana (Princess Tree-Blossom), and I am the daughter of Oho-yama (Great-Mountain-Possessor).”

Hastily Ninigi betook himself to her father and implored the hand of the fair Princess.

But the monarch of the mountains had an elder daughter, Iha-naga-hime (Princess Long-as-the-Rocks), no ill-favoured dame of adamantine heart, unlike unto her sweet-souled sister. Oho-yama desired that the offspring of Ninigi should, like the rocks, endure eternally and flourish as the blossoms of the trees. Wherefore he gave to Ninigi both of his daughters, clothing each in bright raiment and lading them with costly gifts.

But of Princess Long-as-the-Rocks, Ninigi would have nothing, bidding her return to her father.

Angered by his rejection the ugly daughter cried out in imprecation: “Hadst thou chosen me thy descendants would have lived for ever; henceforth shall they wither as the blossoms of the trees!”

Wherefore is the life of man brief as the bloom of the flowers.

Nathless Ninigi and the Princess Tree-Blossom dwelt long time together in peace and happiness, till on a woeful day a sudden cloud shrouded them in deepest gloom.

The ardent Summer Wind wooed Princess Tree-Blossom with importunate caresses and, although he had no cause for jealousy, a madness fell upon Ninigi so that he disowned his sons.

His faithful wife, confident in her innocence, demanded the Ordeal by Fire. Retiring with her children into her dwelling she applied the torch and invoked thus their divine ancestress:

“Celestial Sun-Goddess, if these be the offspring of thy Heavenly grandchild suffer not the fire to harm them!”

Out of the very flames and into the arms of their father sprang the laughing boys. Thereupon Ninigi, perceiving the princess also untouched by the flames, knew how shamefully he had wronged her, and falling upon his knees besought her forgiveness protesting:

Like Mina’s stream that foaming falls
From white Tsukuba’s height,
My whelming love shall flow to thee
Strong as a torrent, pure and free,
Calm as a pool of night.




(700 words)






Japan: The Fortunate Fish-Hook

Now you move on to the next generation, with Ho-deri (Fire-Flame) and Ho-wori (Fire-Fade), the sons of Ninigi; Ho-wori was a hunter and Ho-deri was a fisherman. You can read more about the rivalry between these two brothers at Wikipedia.

[Notes by LKG]

This story is part of the Japanese Mythology unit. Story source: Romance of Old Japan, Part I: Mythology and Legend by E. W. Champney and F. Champney (1917).

The Fortunate Fish-Hook

Once upon a time there dwelt upon the isle of Tsukushi a lad called Ho-wori (Prince Fire-Fade), the son of Ninigi, Heaven-descended grandchild of Amaterasu. This youthful prince was a famous hunter, who slew all manner of furry “things, both rough and soft of hair.”

Ho-deri (Prince Fire-Flame), his older brother, was a famous fisher who caught all manner of finny “things, both broad of fin and narrow of fin.”

One day Ho-deri, weary with waiting for the wind to abate and the sea to calm, thus challenged Ho-wori: “Let us for the nonce exchange callings. Lend me, I pray thee, thy miraculous bow and arrows, that I may become a hunter. In return I will give thee my magic fish-hook.”

So Ho-wori consented and did as Ho-deri bade him.

But the elder brother, skilled as he was in luring the denizens of the deep, was but a sorry huntsman. After an arduous day he returned weary and empty-handed. He accordingly gave back to Ho-wori his bow and arrows, saying: “Thou hast the fortune of the mountain; and to me is given that of the sea. Restore thou my magic fishhook!”

Then Prince Fine-Fade answered: “In vain have I furrowed the jade-green water and cast my line beyond the bounds of the sea. No fish have I caught, and moreover I have lost thy worthless fish-hook.”

Prince Fine-Flame flashed with indignation and threateningly demanded his lost talisman. His brother generously offered to replace the missing fish-hook by a new one, but Ho-deri scornfully refused his proffered gift.

Ho-wori then took his sword and, breaking it into a thousand pieces, forged from it a myriad fish-hooks, which he piled in a great heap and presented to Ho-deri.

But even this did not appease Prince Fire-Flame, who retorted: “These be not my magic fish-hook. Were they numberless as the beasts of the sea would I none of them!”

Now Prince Fire-Fade, grieving because of the resentment of his brother, went down one day to the jade-green sea. While he stood sighing and lamenting upon the shore, of a sudden appeared to him Shiko-tsutsu (the Old Man of the Sea).

“Why grievest thou thus, Ho-wori?” demanded the kind old man, and Prince Fire-Fade recounted to him the tale of the lost fish-hook.

Quoth the Salt-sea Elder: “Be of good cheer, Ho-wori; I will give thee aid.” Plaiting together withes of bamboo, the old man fashioned a basket, wherein he set the young prince, who sailed in it far out to sea.

Now when he had passed the bounds of ocean, the basket burst its fragile seams and began to sink. Down it fell through endless depths of seaweed forests till it descended in the courtyard of a great castle, the abode of Wata-tsumi (God of the Ocean).

Before its gate stood a well, and above the well grew a wide-spreading cassia-tree. Ho-wori climbed into its tangled branches and watched the myriad glittering fishes glide through its fantastic foliage. As he gazed upon the brilliant scene, he perceived a maiden bearing a golden bowl approaching the well. It was the lovely Princess Toyo-tama (Peerless Jewel), daughter of the Sea-God.

Ho-wori stood spellbound by hen wondrous beauty.

As she stooped over the well to draw water, of a sudden she saw the face of Prince Fine-Fade reflected therein. Whereupon she let fall her golden bowl and ran trembling to her father.


“Father,” she cried, “I have beheld a youth with the countenance of a God within the branches of yonder cassia-tree.”

Wata-tsumi, the Sea-God, went forth, and calling Ho-wori, cried: “Descend, thou Son-of-the-Gods, and deign to accompany me to my unworthy dwelling.”

Leading Ho-wori through his stately palace, he seated him upon a throne cushioned eightfold with the skins of sea-lions. Before him, upon a table of coral, he set a sumptuous banquet, served on plates of pearl. They sipped rare ocean-sake from silvery shells, while fiddler crabs discoursed sweet music on the golden strand.

When they had feasted to their hearts’ content, Ho-wori led the peerless Princess to the terrace, where in a shadowy garden of sea-blooms, he whispered his undying love, and Toyo-tama graciously consented to become his bride. They confided their joyous secret to the Sea-God who gave them his fatherly blessing, whereupon they plighted their troth anew and exchanged nuptial cups of the sweet ocean-sake.


(800 words)









Japan: The Fortunate Fish-Hook (cont.)

The name Toyotama means "Shining Jewel" or "Peerless Jewel," as the name is rendered here. You can read more about her at Wikipedia.

[Notes by LKG]

This story is part of the Japanese Mythology unit. Story source: Romance of Old Japan, Part I: Mythology and Legend by E. W. Champney and F. Champney (1917).

The Fortunate Fish-Hook (cont.)

Thereafter Prince Fire-Fade related to the Sea-God the tale of the lost fish-hook, and Wata-tsumi summoned before him all the fishes of his kingdom. Thousands upon thousands they came, fishes “broad of fin and narrow of fin,” from the remote recesses of the mounts and valleys of the sea.

When they had all assembled in the Court-of-Sea-weed the Ocean-God questioned them, saying: “Know ye aught, my faithful subjects, of the magic fish-hook of Prince Fire-Flame?”

“We know naught,” answered the Lobster, “except that the Red Woman (the Tai) bideth at home with a wounded mouth.”

Wata-tsumi then despatched a fleet-finned swordfish to summon the Red Woman to their council. After a little the Tai came, and within her swollen gills was discovered the lost fish-hook!

For three long years Ho-wori dwelt happily with his Peerless Jewel Toyo-tama in the palace beneath the ocean. Then a great longing came upon him to return to his earthly home and to restore the lost fish-hook to his brother.

Toyo-tama, sorely troubled, told her father of her sorrow. But the Sea-God, by no means resenting the desire of his son-in-law, delivered unto him the fishhook, bidding him: “When thou givest this to thy brother spit thrice thereon and hand it to him with averted face saying, ‘‘Tis a hook of poverty, of ruin, and of downfall.”

Moreover Wata-tsumi presented Ho-wori with two talismans wherewith to rule the tides of the sea, enjoining him: “If thy brother be wroth, bring forth the Jewel of the Flowing Tide, and the waters shall drown him. But if he craveth thy forgiveness do thou display the Jewel of the Ebbing Tide and the waters shall sudden recede and therewithal thou shalt save him.”

As Ho-wori was about to depart Toyo-tama confided to him that she was soon to become a mother.

“Yet tarry not,” she entreated, “but build for me a house upon the strand. On a day when the tempest rageth I will come to thee.”

Prince Fire-Fade mounted a sea-dragon and node swiftly over the mountains and valleys of the sea to his own land.

When he found his brother he restored to him the lost fish-hook, and Prince Fire-Flame begged his forgiveness and promised eternal subjection.

On a day, “when the winds and waves were raging,” Princess Peerless Jewel came gliding over the water throned upon a great tortoise.

On the strand Ho-wori had builded a cottage “thatched with cormorant feathers,” and here, in due season, was she delivered of a beauteous son. When she had laid him in his joyous father’s arms, Toyo-tama, transformed into a mermaid, disappeared for ever, in the depths of the jade-green sea.

Long and bitterly lamented Prince Fire-Fade:

Gone is the Moon from out the summer sky,
Spring’s wonted flowers for me no longer bloom.
All changeth; former light is present gloom,
But still my changeless love lives on exhaustlessly.

He longed to become a fearless sailor and skim the foamy billows in his speedy sampan, questing ever strange and unknown lands. Distant voices called to him from the deep. The winds whispered even of a fairy country overflowing with fruit and flowers. Nevertheless, he lingered in Kyushu, biding with his beloved father rather than leave him childless in his declining years. When Prince Fire-Fade’s spirit was borne to the Eternal Land, whence none may return, his son committed his body to the waves.

Years after, feeling himself at death’s door, he summoned to his bedside his son, Jimmu Tenno, and commanded him: “Of old the beneficent Heavenly Deities conferred our Sunny Land of Rice Plains upon Ninigi, my divine ancestor. Now I learn that eastward lieth Yamato, a fair land girt by snow-crowned mountains, an isle of ease and plenty circled by the sapphire sea. Up therefore, journey thither, subdue its savage tribes, that thy descendants may dwell for ever in that fair country.”

Then the ever-bountiful Sun Goddess sent Yatagarasu the raven to guide him upon his way, and Jimmu, bearing with him the sacred regalia, necklace, sword, and mirror, sailed through the Sea of Myriad Isles to the flowery land of Yamato.

There he established his kingdom, which, thus the eternal gods have ordained, shall last from generation to generation so long as sun and moon endure!




(700 words)







Japan: The Labors of Yamato - The Rescue of the Princess

Although Yamato traces his ancestry back to Amaterasu and the celestials, with this cycle of stories you are now more firmly in the realm of human heroes. You can read more about Yamato at Wikipedia; he is considered to be the twelfth Emperor of Japan, and his story would date to around the year 100 C.E., although the legend has far eclipsed any historical narrative.

[Notes by LKG]

This story is part of the Japanese Mythology unit. Story source: Romance of Old Japan, Part I: Mythology and Legend by E. W. Champney and F. Champney (1917).




The Labors of Yamato: The Rescue of the Princess

LONG, long ago in the old half-forgotten ages, when this world was in its tender infancy, there lived a lad named Yamato, the four times great-grandson of Amaterasu, Goddess of glorious light.

This Yamato was a youth of comely mien, great of stature, strong and fearless and skilful in the use of arms. It fortuned that on a day he fared forth from his palace to bathe in the breakers of Suminoye. Up through forests of giant cryptomeria, over hill and vale, through flooded moorlands verdant with the glow of the young rice ears, he journeyed till he came to the cliffs of the great surging sea.

Mounting a crag and divesting himself of his raiment, he plunged deep into the heart of the swirling surf. Manfully he strove through the briny breakers which like great white chargers came galloping ever onward to the strand, now breasting their foamy summits with a stroke of his powerful arm, then whelmed in the emerald hollows with the ebb of the wave.

When he had disported himself like a playful porpoise to his heart’s content, he laid him down upon the sunny strand. As he lay thus he fell a-dreaming, whereupon, through drifting mists of revery, there came to him the vision of a mermaid beauteous as the Night with raven tresses and eyes of larkspur blue, who glided suddenly from a cavern in the cliff hard by.

Yamato rubbed his sleep-laden eyes and, halloing lustily, plunged into the surges and swam swiftly after her. But the siren, affrighted, with a quick flip of her lustrous-scaled tail sank beneath the water and vanished from view, and though Yamato searched diligently for the entrance to her cavern no trace of it could he find.

Oft thereafter the youth wandered to Suminoye questing the siren. For hours he would lie prone upon the rocks vainly searching the darkling water for the glitter of her lithe body; but the lovely Nereid came nevermore.

Many tides flowed and ebbed upon the beach of Suminoye, and the long-deferred day for the wedding of Yamato with the Princess Tacibana had at last come.

He was returning from her father’s palace with his betrothed bride. As he rode beside her litter, his band of warriors trailing behind them through the dusky forest, he passed a great and lofty castle seated upon a beetling crag. It was walled about with palisades and defended moreover by rocky bulwarks overhanging a wide and turbid stream.

Here lurked a band of mounted brigands armed to the teeth, commanded by a bandit notorious for his crimes through all Izumo.

Scarcely had Yamato and his bride appeared than the brigands galloped over the drawbridge and with pike and gisarme fell upon them. Whereupon the litter-bearers fled incontinently, leaving Yamato to confront the bandits single-handed.

As flash the lightning bolts about Fujiyama so fell the sword of Yamato upon the heads of the unhappy miscreants. A score of the foremost brigands fell before his terrible lunges; the remaining cravens were fleeing for their lives, when the chieftain sprang suddenly upon Yamato with a thunderous mace-stroke, felling him instantly to the ground.

Then all was dark. Far away, like the murmur of distant surges, Yamato heard the shrieks of his betrothed as the bandit bore her to his castle.

With might and main he vainly strove to raise himself, but his steed lay across his body, and black waves of death surged over his soul.


(600 words)









Japan: The Rescue of the Princess (cont.)

With this episode, the first half of the reading unit is over, but there is still much more to come of the adventures of Yamato and Princess Tacibana. In this episode, you will see that Yamato is not only a brave warrior; he is also a skilled trickster!

[Notes by LKG]

This story is part of the Japanese Mythology unit. Story source: Romance of Old Japan, Part I: Mythology and Legend by E. W. Champney and F. Champney (1917).

The Labors of Yamato: The Rescue of the Princess (cont.)

Some while later he recovered consciousness in the temple of Ise, whither his warriors had borne him in the litter of the Princess. Here the chief priestess salved his wounds with a wondrous healing balsam, so that he speedily revived, no whit the worse for his encounter, and clamoured lustily for steed and men.

Nevertheless the high priestess stayed him with wise and timely counsel. “This castle,” quoth she, “is so stoutly defended that none may take it either by siege or assault. Its lord is the infamous outlaw Takeru. He hath assembled thither a host of desperate and vicious men who carry off maidens from their homes and hold them in durance vile.”

Yamato flashed with rage: “Gird on my sword,” he cried, “and bid my warriors make ready!”

Whereupon the priestess protested: “Nay, take the sacred sword of Susa-no-wo, but hide it neath thy garments, for these be the weapons whereby thou shalt conquer.”

Then she brought forth a woman’s broidered robe and, tiring his hair like a dancing maiden’s, decked it with a gleaming tiara and hung about his shoulders the sacred necklace of the Sun Goddess.

Yamato, seeing himself thus transformed into a maiden of surpassing beauty, doubted not that in this guise he would compass the ruin of his foes.


Bidding his warriors follow at a little space, he journeyed alone to the outlaw’s castle. When he reached the gate the sentry, little deeming that this beauteous damsel was a sturdy warrior, with an evil smile permitted him to pass.

Yamato traversed an interminable gallery leading to a lofty chamber where in solitary grandeur the notorious bandit sat at meal. Sodden with sake, he leered drunkenly upon Yamato as, with a graceful obeisance, the seeming dancing-maid addressed him: “Permit, honourable Lord, that I pour thee a cup of sake.”

Perceiving his queenly visitor, the bandit let fall the pheasant which he was devouring and gaped upon her in astonishment.

“How earnest thou hither, my sweet hussy?” he thundered.

“The warriors of Yamato pursued me, gracious Lord, and I seek thy honourable protection in this thy castle.”

“Of a surety,” exclaimed the delighted bandit, “thou shalt find all thou seekest. Come sit thou beside me, for none other shall pour my wine so long as I do live.”

“That were too great honour,” answered Yamato, the whiles he said within himself: “Thou speakest more truly than thou knowest, for when I have done with thee thou shalt drink no more.”

Whereupon Yamato poured sake for the bandit, simulating the mincing steps of a dancing-maid and casting upon him sly alluring glances. Takeru became more and more enamoured of his fair servitor, and, inflamed by his potations, clasped the pretended maid in his arms.

Yamato wrestled with such unforeseen might that Takeru, perceiving his supposed sweetheart to be no fragile maiden, but a steel-sinewed warrior, howled with affright and, releasing his grasp, stealthily whipped forth a knife.

Yamato, nothing daunted, sprang beneath his uplifted arm, and grasping the wrist of Takeru bent it backward until the bones snapped.

Letting fall the dirk Takeru groaned: “Verily thou hast conquered, but tell me, I beseech thee, by whose hand I die, for myself have I ever held to be the most valiant of men.”

“I am called by the name of my country,” cried Yamato, as he dealt the avenging death-stroke.

“Henceforth,” gasped the bandit, “be thou known as Yamato-take (Stout-hearted-Yamato), for there be none like thee in all the land!” Thus speaking the bandit gave up his evil soul.

Like flame borne by the whirlwind, Yamato swept through the castle questing the imprisoned Princess.

“Tacibana!” he cried from deepest dungeon to the topmost tower, “Tacibana, thou art free!”

At last he heard a faint wail, like the cry of a wounded bird and, bursting in the massive gate of a treasure-chamber, discovered the unconscious Princess lying prone upon the pavement, her hands bound behind her back. In her agony of apprehension she had loosed from her headdress a jewelled dagger which she held between her teeth, ready to fall thereon at the coming of Takeru.

Yamato severed her bonds with a swift sword-stroke, crying, “Tacibana, it is I.”

Then raising his hunting horn to his lips he sounded the signal for the onset.

Thereupon, after a turbulent encounter in the castle-court, his doughty warriors overwhelmed with sore disaster the astonished bandits, who, learning that their chieftain had perished, soon lost heart and gave themselves up, yielding subjection to this unknown avenging amazon.

Placing his joyous Princess before him upon the bandit’s charger and followed by a goodly cavalcade freighted with rich loot from the castle treasuries, Yamato rode in triumph to his palace at Kashiwabara.

In the evening, mid great rejoicing, were the wedding cups of sake exchanged; and though Yamato bestowed many precious gifts upon his lovesome bride, none gladdened her heart more than the gaily embroidered robe, garbed in which he had delivered her from the bandit Takeru.




(900 words)









Japan: The Labors of Yamato - The Grotto of Love

Here you will meet one of the most memorable sea-women of world mythology: Benten, a sea kami (goddess) who is also considered one of the Seven Lucky Gods of Japan. Over time, the identities of several different goddesses have coalesced into this complex figure. You can read more at Wikipedia: Benzaiten.

[Notes by LKG]

This story is part of the Japanese Mythology unit. Story source: Romance of Old Japan, Part I: Mythology and Legend by E. W. Champney and F. Champney (1917).

The Labors of Yamato: The Grotto of Love

When ‘neath the drowsy hill the Day doth fade,
And Eve with ebon wing doth earth enfold,
Then come to me and in my grot abide;
There will I cloak thee from winter cold
Within warm-nestling arms, with thine enlaced.
Pillowed upon my breast more bright than gold,
Clasping the silken girdle of my waist,
Thou‘lt lie beneath a coverlet of flowers,
And sleep and dream away the idle hours.
Then, if my passion thou wouldst deign to prove,
Come dwell with me within my grot of love.
- KOJIKI

Now it came to pass that, though his Princess was ever an obedient and gentle wife, the fickle Yamato soon wearied of her constant devotion. Since there was no more fighting to be done in her behalf, Tacibana seemed to him tedious and of little worth. Wherefore sought he distraction in the zest of the chase, riding far afield in quest of stag and boar and neglecting his dutiful Princess, who grieved sorely but uttered no word of plaint.

Yamato longed for his lost siren, the mysterious mermaid. One day he wandered on the isle of Enoshima, led thither by strains of elfin music, floating from the realms of air.


On and on he followed the haunting melody, seeming now to issue from the very bowels of the earth.

Descending the jutting cliff to the ever-seething waters, he beheld a great grotto from whose hidden depths glowed a wondrous emerald light. While he pondered upon this, he heard again the eerie music and saw a flitting of faint shadows as of strange celestial damsels.

Plunging through the surges, Yamato swam to the mouth of the cave. Here he paused as though he would fain draw back, for often had he heard old wives’ tales how this grotto was a trap baited with unearthly bliss whence no mortal might e’er return. Then he heard the heart-enthralling strains anew, and a voice wondrous sweet calling his very name, and he struck out manfully for the cavern.

His foot fell upon a seeming rock which yielded suddenly beneath his weight and a monstrous dragon, snorting terribly, lumbered forth into the sea. Nothing daunted Yamato entered the grotto, and, ever following the strange emerald light through long and tortuous galleries, came at last to a vast and lofty chamber.

Here burst upon his enraptured vision

So fair a scene,
That mortal eye might ween
It scann’d the very heavens’ unknown delight.
For ne’er in those old vasty halls imperial
Bath’d in the moonbeams bright,
Or where the dragon soars on clouds ethereal,
Was aught like this to entrance the sight:
With golden sand and silvern pebbles white
Was strewn the floor;
And at the corners four,
Through gates inlaid
With diamonds and jade,
Pass’d throngs whose vestments were of radiant light.

Upon a couch of coral bowered mid glittering sea-blooms, reclined his lost siren, singing softly the whiles she gently fingered a gold and amber lute.

“Mortal, behold Benten, Goddess of Deathless Love,” sang the mermaid. “Deign, most worshipful stranger, to taste the pleasures of our watery realm.”

Even as she spake, her beauteous handmaidens spread before the delighted youth a banquet of rare and delicious dishes such as he had never known. Sweet ambrosial sake they poured into cups of frail-stemmed sea-lilies. Heaps of gem-like fruits gleamed on plates of opalescent anemones. Translucent shells of pearl shed throughout the chamber a soft silvery light, and entrancing strains pulsated from unseen recesses, breathing of peace and love.

Yamato, kneeling spellbound at the throne of the Goddess, implored: “Grant me thy love, sweet siren — else I shall surely die.”

With eyes abased Benten fingered idly her gold and amber lute. Strangely sweet the songs she sang, but sweeter still the caresses she lavished upon the infatuated youth.

Suddenly she cast him from her: “To win my love thou must dare death,” she demanded imperiously.

“There is naught I would not venture, gentle Goddess,” he declared fervidly, “for the sake of life with thee.”

Benten smiled incredulously. “Sail to Horaizan,” she commanded. “Gain the Golden Apple of Immortal Youth, and thereafter shalt thou dwell with me in unending love.”




(800 words)









Japan: The Labors of Yamato - The Golden Apple

In this episode, the sea-goddess Benten is going to assign a task to Yamato, sending him to fetch a Golden Apple from the Island of Eternal Life, and she also tells the story of Jofuku the wise man who traveled to the Island of Eternal Life as well and brought away one of those Golden Apples. You can read more about that famous legend at Wikipedia: Xu Fu. You can also read the story of Jofuku in fairy-tale form in the Japanese Fairy Tales by Ozaki unit.

[Notes by LKG]

This story is part of the Japanese Mythology unit. Story source: Romance of Old Japan, Part I: Mythology and Legend by E. W. Champney and F. Champney (1917).




The Labors of Yamato: The Golden Apple

“I pray thee tell me of this land,” besought Yamato.

“List,” cried the siren, the whiles strumming her golden lute she sang:

In the long-forgotten ages of the heroes and the sages,
Far across the Yellow Ocean in the kingdom of Cathay,
Once there dwelt a cruel creature, mean of soul and cold of feature,
Whom all worshipped as an idol, bowing neath his despot sway.

Now Jofuku, court physician, sore lamented his position,
Ever fearing lest the morrow were his last remaining day,
So the leech one lovely morning to his master giveth warning
And salaams his august kingship and these words to him doth say:

“Grant me but a junk, good Master, wherein I without disaster
To the ‘Isle of Life Eternal,’ far beyond the sun, may sail;
Then will I the Apple Golden for thee pluck, whereby thine olden
Limbs shall leap with youth immortal, ever beautiful and hale.”


So the King, in jubilation, made but little altercation;
And Jofuku journeyed southward o’er the smiling, sapphire sea.
Days and months and years together sailed he on through wind and weather,
Till above the far horizon he beheld a Wonder-Tree!

Floating on the idle billow like a head upon a pillow,
Fast asleep upon the ocean dreaming midst the foam-flowers white,
Loomed the Tree of Youth Immortal, of eternal life the portal,
Growing out the misty marges of an Island of Delight.

Quoth Jofuku: “Yon fair island is no other isle than my land,
Here shall I abide for ever eating of this Wonder-Tree!”
So forthwith the junk he stranded and upon the shore he landed,
In a Forest of Enchantment floating on the sapphire sea.

And for five-score years he dwelt there, nor the flight of time he felt, where
Birth and Death and Age exist not lightly sped the ‘trancèd hours,
In a round of endless pleasure, rife with joyance beyond measure,
Lived Jofuku in this paradise of ever-blooming flowers.

Till one day he longed to sally o’er the ocean’s foam-flowered valley
As he wistful watched the sea-fowl winging southward through the sky;
Then he hailed a storklet slender and in accents sweet and tender
Pleaded: “Pray kind bird transport me to my home ere yet I die!”


And the stork forthwith consented and the leech, with joy demented,
Mounted on its snowy pinions, swiftly soared across the foam,
Bearing thence the Apple Golden safe within his arms enfolden,
To his native land returning, never more again to roam.

For the tyrant’s life had ended and Jofuku now ascended,
Khan of Khans, enthroned for ever o’er the kingdom of Cathay,
Far across the Yellow Ocean, worshipped with a blind devotion,
Wields he o’er a myriad Tartars still the sceptre to this day.

ENVOY

“Prince! if thou wouldst be my lover, that Enchanted Isle discover,
Bring me back the Golden Apple, thy devotion thus to prove!
Then in joyance beyond measure, in a round of ceaseless pleasure,
Thou shalt dwell with me for ever in eternal youth and love.”



(500 words)





Japan: The Labors of Yamato - The Demon Boar

You might know that the Greek hero Heracles also battled a boar as one of his labors: The Erymanthian Boar.

[Notes by LKG]

This story is part of the Japanese Mythology unit. Story source: Romance of Old Japan, Part I: Mythology and Legend by E. W. Champney and F. Champney (1917).




The Labors of Yamato: The Demon Boar

Returning to Kashiwa-bara, Yamato demanded of all his courtiers concerning the Island of Golden Apples, but none had heard thereof. Thereupon he wandered to the ports and harbours, questioning ever the sailors and fishermen, nor had any of these bold seafarers beheld the wondrous land.

A lethargy of despair fell upon him. He delighted no longer in the sports of the field, neither in feasting with his boon companions nor in biding at home with his fair and lovesome wife.

Right joyously did Tacibana greet him after his long absence, though ofttimes the tears welled to her eyes as she beheld him gazing wistfully upon the sea.

“Why do you weep?” he asked impatiently; and sweetly she answered: “For happiness, good my Lord.

Like rain upon a parching flower Thy presence is to me;
But grieving lone for many an hour
I withered without thee.

On a day came certain of the country folk to Yamato plaining: “Know, great Prince, that in the forest of Hakone rageth a giant boar. None is there who dareth oppose him, for he is possessed of a demon, even by Susa-no-wo, who rideth upon him brandishing spear and sword scattering fiery arrows and carrying murrain an pestilence throughout the land.”

Then cried Yamato: “I will forthwith to Ise and take counsel how I may vanquish this demon boar!”

Right gladly the high priestess welcomed Yamato. “Eagerly have I awaited thy coming,” she exclaimed. “Fain would I tender thee the Sacred Sword, for with no other weapon can this boar be slain. In his tail alone is the monster vulnerable ,and he runneth more swiftly than the wind.”

Greatly marvelling, Yamato took the sword. “How then, save in sleep, may I overtake him?” he pondered. “Yet would I not slay him defenceless. Such easy conquest delighteth not my heart.”

With a band of hardy huntsmen Yamato set fort to a forest at the foot of Fujiyama. Startling to air myriads of winged creatures, outrunning swift-footed hares in tempestuous flight, coursing hither and thither with nose to earth, the pack pursued the scent, lustily giving tongue while the merry cavalcade galloped furiously upon their heels.

Ever higher through dusky forest glades they climbed to the bright-shining uplands. A scent of thyme floated on the breeze; velvet heather lay like a carpet beneath their feet. Towering like mighty castles one above the other, peak overtopping peak in never ending flight, mighty mountains loomed their time-scarred battlements against the cloudless sky.

Up steep ravines and beetling cliffs they mounted to a jagged crag, where, backed against a writhen cedar, beset about by the clamorous hounds, roaring in wrath at this invasion of his secret lair, stood at bay the giant demon boar.

Valiantly the pack drove upon him, only to be tossed instantly in air and to fall, tusked through the entrails, in pools of gore. Whereat the bowmen let fly a cloud of arrows, but their shafts rebounded like hail from the boar’s invulnerable hide.

Then Yamato, heedless of the warning of the high priestess, set his spear in rest and urged his stallion to the charge. An instant later the steed impaled itself upon the terrible tusks and Yamato toppled headlong to the ground.

Staggering dazedly to his feet he strove to raise his steed, but the noble creature quivered in its death agony, gazing helplessly upon its master with mute, appealing eyes.

Of a sudden, bristling with baffled wrath, snorting furiously, and gnashing his murderous tusks, the monster charged.

Hoping to spear him as he passed, Yamato sprang behind the trunk of a tree. But the boar had halted and, with cruel cunning, bided his time.

Thereupon our hero found himself in sorry straits. On the one hand yawned a black abyss; on the other stood a threatening monster. To leap into the chasm or to dare the demon were alike certain death. But Yamato, undaunted, drew the Sacred Sword, and with an agile bound springing clean over the boar’s head, he bestrode the astonished creature and, grasping his tail, severed it suddenly from the spine.

Blind with pain the demon plunged over the precipice and was dashed into a thousand fragments upon the rocks below, while Yamato, sliding dexterously from its back, remained in safety upon the brink.




(700 words)







Japan: The Labors of Yamato - The Grass-Cleaving Sword

The Sacred Glass-Cleaving Sword, called Kusanagi in Japanese, has its own article at Wikipedia. This sword is one of the three Sacred Treasures of Japan, together with the sacred mirror and the sacred jewel; you can find out more about the Imperial Regalia at Wikipedia.

[Notes by LKG]

This story is part of the Japanese Mythology unit. Story source: Romance of Old Japan, Part I: Mythology and Legend by E. W. Champney and F. Champney (1917).

The Labors of Yamato: The Grass-Cleaving Sword

Then came Yamato and his valiant warriors to the pine-clad shore of Suruga. Having pacified the unsubmissive savages of the mountains and rivers, they journeyed until they came to the wide-spreading plains of Sagami.

Here the chieftains welcomed Yamato with feigned hospitality, inviting his warriors to a deer-hunt upon the moor. Little deeming the treachery in store for them, they sit forth eagerly on the chase. All day long they stalked the stag through the wide-spreading moorlands, and at eve bivouacked upon the dry and grassy plain.

“At the hour when rivers are most clamorous,” Yamato was awakened by a strange, unwonted sound —a crackling as of goblin laughter and a swishing as of ghostly shrouds.

“Surely,” he said within himself, rubbing his smarting eyelids, “tis but a dream, an evil-boding dream.”

But the crackling swiftly increased, till it became a mighty roar. An unwonted light glowed in the heavens, and the stars were shrouded by a cloud of lurid smoke writhing ever upward like a serpent of living fire.

Springing to his feet, Yamato saw that the entire moor (before him, on either hand, and behind) was a sea of leaping flames! Shouting to his comrades, he strove vainly to discern an opening in the impenetrable barrier of fire.


Meantime another and greater peril fell upon them. Thousands of deer, terror-stricken before the approaching flames, rushed frantically to and fro, trampling and goring horses and huntsmen in blind insensate flight.

Wrenching themselves free of their tethers, the frightened horses galloped screaming through the camp. In mad stampede they coursed round and round within the ever-narrowing wall of flames, surging onward with their long streaming manes like foaming billows breaking over rocks.

Thereupon, rather than to meet death beneath those cruel hoofs, Yamato bade his archers shoot down the maddened steeds.

But the fire waxed more and more furious, hemming them within an ever-narrowing circle, till all hope died within the hearts of the prisoned men.

Of a sudden amid the fiery smoke wreaths, Yamato beheld a spectre which wavered upon the sea of flames. Ever nearer it came till he perceived a maiden in fiery garments running through the burning grass. As she ran she tore off her flaming vestments, till, her long hair singed, her fair body pitifully scorched, Tacibana fell trembling at his feet.

She uttered no cry of pain, but joyously bespake him: “Behold this fire-drill, O Beloved! By its aid thou mayst find safety.”

Then Yamato mowed down a circle of grass with the Sacred Sword and, taking the drill, kindled backfire, thus making an isle of safety in the ocean of flame. Whereupon the wind, turned the fire upon the treacherous savages, consuming them utterly.

Thus did my hero and his warriors make good their escape, by virtue of the “Sacred Grass-Cleaving Sword,” yet, methinks, more justly by the brave devotion of the Princess Tacibana.


(500 words)